HB 245

Abstract

The Constitution of the State of Delaware creates 3 branches of State Government, the Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary, each having certain delineated responsibilities or powers within a framework that limits and separates the powers of each branch from the other. The doctrine of separation of powers is a fundamental part of constitutional government. The Justices of the Delaware Supreme Court have, in quoting William Blackstone, recognized that "whenever the [legislative and executive] powers are united together, there can be no public liberty". In re Request of Governor for Advisory Opinion, 722 A. 2d 307 (1998). This Act's purpose is to require the legislative branch to reasonably restrict or confirm the executive branch in its exercise of emergency powers, thereby maintaining a balance or separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches of state government. This Act recognizes the statutory authority of the Governor to act in the event of an emergency or disaster. During protracted emergencies and disasters, particularly those lasting more than 180 days, good governance requires participation by the General Assembly in person or virtually to approve extensions of Emergency Orders. This approval requirement may be waived only when it is not possible for both houses of the General Assembly in person or virtually to convene a quorum. The Governor retains the authority to terminate Emergency Orders without approval when the emergency or disaster has passed. Any new non-weather related emergency order issued within 6 months of the termination of a prior order and based upon substantially similar reasons shall be invalid unless approved by the General Assembly. Additionally, any non-weather related emergency order that requires the closure of any business, industry, religious, or non-profit facility must specifically delineate which type of business or facilities are to be closed. The time limits proposed by this Act are similar to those limits applicable to emergency regulations under the Administrative Procedures Act, 29 Del. C. § 10119. This Act shall become effective immediately upon the ending of the Governor's term of office next occurring after the enactment of this Act.